BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS OF QUINALPHOS EXPOSED ZEBRAFISH LIVER ORGANOTYPIC TISSUE
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https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.033Keywords:
Zebrafish liver organotypic culture, quinalphos, oxidative stressAbstract
As being a broad-spectrum, organophosphorus insecticide and acaricide, quinalphos is widely used against a range of pests, and has a great threat on aquatic systems. Although the methods for detecting and predicting of the harmful effects of chemicals on non-target organisms are traditionally perfected by in vivo experiments, cell culture methods that being used widely in recent decades is also an important tool for these kinds of research. In order evaluate the effects of quinalphos on liver organotypic culture system of zebrafish, tissue cubes (1-2 mm3) were prepared by dissection and slicing of liver tissues, embedded in agarose and cultured. The cubes were exposed to three different concentrations of quinalphos (2, 4 and 8 mg/L) for 24 and 96 hours. By performing comet assay as an emerging tool for cytotoxicity, it was detected that quinalphos causes DNA damage. Increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione-s-transferase were also measured. All of these parameters were noted as concentration- and time-dependent. Our data suggest that organotypic liver tissue culture of zebrafish is a practical alternative to whole fish.
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[32] Isik, I., Celik, I. 2008. Acute Effects of Methyl Parathion and Diazinon as İnducers for Oxidative Stress on Certain Biomarkers in Various Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pestic Biochem Physiol 92:38–42.
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[34] Zhu, Y.P., Fan, J.F., Cheng, Y.Q., Li, L.T. 2008. Improvement of the Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Traditional Fermented okara (Meitauza) Using Bacillus subtilis b2. Food Control 19:654–661.
[35] Almeida, D.V., da Silva Nornberg, B.F., Geracitano, L.A., Barros, D.M., Monserrat, J.M., and Marins, L.F. (2010) Induction of phase II enzymes and hsp70 genes by copper sulfate through the electrophile-responsive element (EpRE): insights obtained from a transgenic zebrafish model carrying an orthologous EpRE sequence of mammalian origin. Fish physiology and biochemistry. 36(3):347-353.
[36] David, C., Arnou, B., Sanchez, J.F., Pelosi, L., Brandolin, G., Lauquin, G.J., Trézéguet, V., 2008, Two residues of a conserved aromatic ladder of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier are crucial to nucleotide transport. Biochemistry 47(50):13223-13231.
[37] Winston, G.W. and DiGiulio, R.T. (1991) Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aquatic Toxicology, 19, 137-161.
[38] Patil, V.K., David, M. 2013. Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita as a Biomarker of Malathion Exposure. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 185:10191–1019.
[39] Oruc, E.O., Uner, N. 2002. Marker Enzyme Assessment in the Liver of Cyprinus Carpio (L.) Exposed to 2,4-D and Azinphosmethyl. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:182–8.
[40] Padmanabha, A., Reddy, H.R.V., Bhat, A., Khavi, M. 2015. Quinalphos Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Liver and Kidney of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 14(4):871-876.
[2] Jeyasankar, A., Jesudasan, R.W., 2005, Insecticidal Properties of Novel Botanicals Against a Few Lepidopteran Pests. Pestology, 29, 42-44.
[3] Todd, N.E., Van Leeuwen, M., 2002, Effects of Sevin (carbaryl insecticide) on Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 53(2):267-272.
[4] Icenogle, L.M., Christopher, N.C., Blackwelder, W.P., Caldwell, D.P., Qiao D, Seidler F.J., Slotkin T.A., Levin, E.D., 2004, Behavioral alterations in adolescent and adult rats caused by a brief subtoxic exposure to chlorpyrifos during neurulation. Neurotoxicol Teratology, 26:95–101.
[5] Taparia, N., Mathur, P., Shahani, L., 2014, Toxic action of quinalphos 25% EC (flash), an organophosphate insecticide in induction of skeletal malformations in the embryos of Gallus domesticus. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(3):2078-2088.
[6] Singh, RN., Pandey, P,K., Singh, N.N., Dass, V.K., 2010, Acute toxicity and behavioral responses of common carp Cyprinus carprio (linn.) to an organophosphate (dimethoate). World J Zool 5:183–188.
[7] Ren, Z.M., Fu, X.E., Zeng, Y., Liub, Y.D., Kim, H.S., Chon, T.S., 2012, The stepwise behavioral responses of Medaka (Oryzias latipes) to organophosphorus pesticides in an online monitoring system. Procedia Environ Sci 13:1122–1133.
[8] Schulz, R., Liess, M., 1999, A field study of the effects of agriculturally derived input on stream macroinvertebrate dynamics. Aquatic Toxicology 46:155–176.
[9] Fulton, M.H., Key, P.B., 2001, Acetylcholinesterase inhibition in esturaine fish and invertebrates as an indicator of organophosphorus insecticide exposure and effects. Environ Toxicol Chem 20:37–45.
[10] Das, A.C., Mukherjee, D., 2000, Soil application of insecticides influences microorganisms and plant nutrients. Applied Soil Ecology 14(1):55-62.
[11] Beteridge, D.J., 2007, What is oxidative stress. Metabolism 49:2(1), 3-8.
[12] Bagchi D, Bagchi M, Hassoun EA, Stohs SJ. 1995. In vitro and in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage and lactate dehydrogenase leakage by selected pesticides. Toxicology 104:129–140.
[13] Livingstone DR. 2001. Contaminant-stimulated reactive oxygen species production and oxidative damage in aquatic organisms. Mar Pollut Bull 42:656–666.
[14] Sinhorin, V., D., G., Sinhorin, A., P., Teixeira, J., M., D., S., Miléski, K., M., L., Hansen, P., C., Moreira, P., S., A., Kawashita, N., H., Baviera, A., M., Loro, V., L., 2014, Effects of the acute exposition to glyphosate-based herbicide on oxidative stress parameters and antioxidant responses in a hybrid Amazon fish surubim (Pseudoplatystoma sp), Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 106:181-187.
[15] Nordberg J, Arner ES. 2001. Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and the mammalian thioredoxin system. Free Radical Biol Med 31:1287–1312.
[16] Shi S, Wang G, Wang Y, Zhang L, Zhang L. 2005. Protective effect of nitric oxide against oxidative stress under ultraviolet-B radiation. Nitric Oxide 13:1–9.
[17] Storey KB. 1996. Oxidative stress: Animal adaptation in nature. Braz J Med Res 29:1715–1733.
Droge W. 2002. Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function. Physiol Rev 82:47–95.
[18] Droge, W., 2002, Free radicals in the physiological control of cell function., Phyisology Reviews, 82(1):47-95.
[19] Winger PV, Schultz DP, Johnson WW. 1990. Environmental contaminant concentrations in biota from the lower savannah river Georgia and South Carolina. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 19: 101–117.
[20] Saiki MK, Jennings MR, Brumbaug WG. 1993. Boron, molybdenum and selenium in aquatic food chains from the lower San Joaquin River and its Tributaries California. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 24:307–319.
[21] Kock G, Triendl M, Hofer R. 1996. Seasonal patterns of metal accumulation in Arctic char, Salvelinus alpinus from an oligotrophic alpine lake related to temperature. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 53:780–786.
[22] Saravanan M, Ramesh M. 2013. Short and long-term effects of clofibric acid and diclofenac on certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses in an Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala. Chemosphere 93:388–96.
[23] Westerfield, M. 2007 The Zebrafish Book. A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio rerio), 5th Edition University of Oregon Press, Eugene.
[24] Ohkawa, H., Nobuko, O., Yagi, K. 1979 Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry 95(2):351-358.
[25] Paoletti F., Mocali A. (1990) Determination of Superoxide Dismutase Activity by Purely Chemical System Based on NAD(P)H Oxidation Methods Enzymol 186:209-220.
[26] Habig, W.H., Pabst, M.J., Jakoby, W.B., 1974, Glutathione S-transferases. The first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 25;249(22):7130-7139.
[27] Mishra, V., Srivastava, N., 2015, Organophosphate pesticides‐induced changes in the redox status of rat tissues and protective effects of antioxidant vitamins. Environmental Toxicology. 40(4):472-482.
[28] Paskerova, H., Hilscherova, K., Blaha, L., 2012, Oxidative Stress and Detoxification Biomarker Responses in Aquatic Freshwater Vertebrates Exposed to Microcystins and Cyanobacterial Biomass. Environmenral Science and Pollution 19:2024–2037..
[29] Goel, A., Dani, V., Dhawan, D.K., 2005, Protective effects of zinc on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture in chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity. Chemico-biological interactions. 56(2-3):131-140.
[30] Devasana, T., Lalitha, S., Padma, K., 2001, Lipid peroxidation, osmotic fragility and antioxidant status in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Clinica Chimica Acta 308(1-2):155-61.
[31] Bainy, A.C.D., Arisi, A.C.M., Azzalis, L.A., Simizu, K., Barros, S.B.M., Videla, L.A., Junqueira, V.B.C. 1993. Differential Effects of Shortterm Lindane Administration on Parameters Related to Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver and erythrocytes. J Biochem Toxicol 8:187–194.
[32] Isik, I., Celik, I. 2008. Acute Effects of Methyl Parathion and Diazinon as İnducers for Oxidative Stress on Certain Biomarkers in Various Tissues of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Pestic Biochem Physiol 92:38–42.
[33] Kappus, H. 1985. Lipid Peroxidation: Mechanisms, Analysis Enzymology, and Biological Relevance. Oxidative Stress. London: Academic Press. pp 273–310.
[34] Zhu, Y.P., Fan, J.F., Cheng, Y.Q., Li, L.T. 2008. Improvement of the Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Traditional Fermented okara (Meitauza) Using Bacillus subtilis b2. Food Control 19:654–661.
[35] Almeida, D.V., da Silva Nornberg, B.F., Geracitano, L.A., Barros, D.M., Monserrat, J.M., and Marins, L.F. (2010) Induction of phase II enzymes and hsp70 genes by copper sulfate through the electrophile-responsive element (EpRE): insights obtained from a transgenic zebrafish model carrying an orthologous EpRE sequence of mammalian origin. Fish physiology and biochemistry. 36(3):347-353.
[36] David, C., Arnou, B., Sanchez, J.F., Pelosi, L., Brandolin, G., Lauquin, G.J., Trézéguet, V., 2008, Two residues of a conserved aromatic ladder of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier are crucial to nucleotide transport. Biochemistry 47(50):13223-13231.
[37] Winston, G.W. and DiGiulio, R.T. (1991) Prooxidant and antioxidant mechanisms in aquatic organisms. Aquatic Toxicology, 19, 137-161.
[38] Patil, V.K., David, M. 2013. Oxidative Stress in Freshwater Fish, Labeo rohita as a Biomarker of Malathion Exposure. Environmental Monitoring Assessment, 185:10191–1019.
[39] Oruc, E.O., Uner, N. 2002. Marker Enzyme Assessment in the Liver of Cyprinus Carpio (L.) Exposed to 2,4-D and Azinphosmethyl. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 16:182–8.
[40] Padmanabha, A., Reddy, H.R.V., Bhat, A., Khavi, M. 2015. Quinalphos Induced Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Liver and Kidney of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology. 14(4):871-876.
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2019-10-29
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GÖKÇE, B., & İŞİSAĞ ÜÇÜNCÜ, S. (2019). BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATIONS OF QUINALPHOS EXPOSED ZEBRAFISH LIVER ORGANOTYPIC TISSUE. HEALTH SCIENCES QUARTERLY, 3(4), 319–328. https://doi.org/10.26900/jsp.3.033
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