THE ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN TURKEY AND SOME EU COUNTRIES
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https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.263Keywords:
Poverty, income inequality, TurkeyAbstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of socio-economic variables on poverty. For this purpose; education, working population ratio, the national income according to purchasing power parity, the inflation rate and the net wage effect on poverty for selected eight EU countries between 2006-2015 were analyzed using the fixed effect model, the random effects model, the pooled regression model and the generalized method of moments of the panel data methods. It is reached that while the national income has poverty reduction effect in all models according to purchasing power parity, education has poverty reduction effect in other models except the fixed effects model. Inflation and working population ratio do not seem to have an impact on poverty.
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References
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ARELLANO, M., BOVER, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-coponents models. Journal of Econometrics, No: 68, ss. 29-51.
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DAYIOĞLU, M. (2007). Türkiye’de Çocuk Yoksulluğu: Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri. TİSK Akademi, ss. 83-105.
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GUJARATI, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics, Fourth Edition, (The Mcgraw-Hill Companies).
HSIAO, C., (1985). Panel Data Analysis — Advantages and Challenges. Sociedad de Estad´ıstica e Investigaci´on Operativa Test (0000) Vol. 00, No. 0, pp. 1–63
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KÖK, R., ŞIMŞEK, N. (2009). Panel veri analizi, (Çevrimiçi), www.deu.edu.tr/ userweb/recep.kok/ dosyalar/panel2.pdf, 20 Nisan 2018.
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ÖZBEK, O. (2001). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Gelir Yoksulluğu ve İnsani Yoksulluğun Analizi ve Çözüm Önerileri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
PAZARLIOĞLU, M., V. VE ÖZLEM K., G. (2007). Telekomünikasyon Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, Cilt: 44, Sayı: 508, ss. 35-43.
RIBAS, R. P. VE MACHADO, A. F. (2007). Distinguishing Chronic Poverty from Transient Poverty in Brazil: Developing A Model for Pseudo-Panel Data,(Çevrimiçi),www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf, 25 Nisan 2018
SOTO, M. (2007). System GMM estimation with a small number of individuals, (Çevrimiçi),https://editorialexpress.com/cgibin/conference/=pej2007&paper_id=70down load. cgi? db_name, 02 Mart 2018.
ŞENGÜL, S. VE TUNCER, İ. (2005). Poverty Levels and Food Demand of the Poor in Turkey. Agribusiness, C:3, No: 21, ss. 289-311.
TÜİK, (2017) Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizlik Ölçütleri, (Çevrimiçi), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/MicroVeri/GYKA_2011/turkce/metaveri/tanim/gelir-daggiiliimii-essitsizlik-oelccuetleri/index.html, 25 ağustos 2017
TÜİK, (2018), www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=2218, 20.02.2018
TÜİK, (2006) “Gelir Dağılımı Sonuçları 2004”, 27 Şubat 2006 Tarihli Haber Bülteni, Sayı:37
YÜKSELER, Z. VE TÜRKAN, E. (2008). Türkiye’de Hanehalkı: İşgücü, Gelir, Harcama ve Yoksulluk Acısından Analizi. İstanbul: Graphis Matbaa.
ARELLANO, M., BOVER, O. (1995). Another look at the instrumental variable estimation of error-coponents models. Journal of Econometrics, No: 68, ss. 29-51.
AYALA, L., JURADO, A. VE MAYO, J. P. (2009). “Income Poverty and Multidimensional Deprivation: Lessons from Cross-Regional Analysis”, EcıneqWorking Paper Series, No: 106, ss.1-39.
MUYANGA, M., AYIEKOX, M., & BUNDIY, M. (2006). Determinants of Transient and Chronic Poverty: Evidence from Kenya. Poverty and Economic Policy (PEP) Research Network.
BALTAGI, B. (2001). Nonstationary panels, panel cointegration, and dynamic panels, advances in econometrics 15, JAI Press, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science,
BALTAGI, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data, 3rd ed., John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
BHATTA, S. D. VE SHARMA, S. K. (2006). The Determinants and Consequences of Chronic and Transient Poverty in Nepal, (Çevrimiçi), www.chronicpoverty.org/pdfs/66Bhatta_Sharma.pdf, 22 Nisan 2018
BHAUMIK, S. K., GANG, I. N. VE YUN, M. (2005). A Note on Poverty in Kosovo.
BLUNDELL, R. VE BOND, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, C: 87, ss. 115-143.
BLUNDELL, R., BOND, S. VE WINDMEIJER, F. (2000). Estimation in dynamic panel data models: improving on the performance of the standard GMM estimator.
BOKOSI, F. K. (2006). Household Poverty Dynamics in Malawi, (Çevrimiçi), http://www.mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1222, 13 Mart 2018
COULOMBE, H. VE MCKAY, A. (1996). Modelling Determinants of Poverty in Mauritania. World Development, C: 6 No: 24, ss. 1015-1031.
DANSUK, E. (1997). Türkiye’de Yoksulluğun Ölçülmesi ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Yapılarla İlişkisi. DPT Uzmanlık Tezi. Ankara: DPT, Sosyal Sektörler ve Koordinasyon Genel Müdürlüğü, Ücretler ve Gelirler Dairesi Başkanlığı.
DAYIOĞLU, M. (2007). Türkiye’de Çocuk Yoksulluğu: Ölçüm Yöntemleri ve Yoksulluğun Belirleyicileri. TİSK Akademi, ss. 83-105.
DPT (DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKILATI), (2001). “Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksullukla Mücadele Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu”, Sekizinci Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, DPT: 2599, ÖİK: 610, Ankara.
DPT (DEVLET PLANLAMA TEŞKILATI), (2007). “Gelir Dağılımı ve Yoksullukla Mücadele Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu”, Dokuzuncu Beş Yıllık Kalkınma Planı, DPT: 2742, ÖİK: 691, Ankara.
DUMANLI, R. (1996). Yoksulluk ve Türkiye'deki boyutları. TC Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı.
EUROSTAT (2018) http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
FISSUH, E. VE HARRIS, M. (2004). Modelling Determinants of Poverty in Eritrea: A NewApproach,(Çevrimiçi), www.repec.org/esAUSM04/up.26810.1088476172.pdf 15 Mart 2018.
GUJARATI, D. (2004). Basic Econometrics, Fourth Edition, (The Mcgraw-Hill Companies).
HSIAO, C., (1985). Panel Data Analysis — Advantages and Challenges. Sociedad de Estad´ıstica e Investigaci´on Operativa Test (0000) Vol. 00, No. 0, pp. 1–63
HSIAO, C., (2003). Analysis of panel data, 2nd. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
KÖK, R., ŞIMŞEK, N. (2009). Panel veri analizi, (Çevrimiçi), www.deu.edu.tr/ userweb/recep.kok/ dosyalar/panel2.pdf, 20 Nisan 2018.
MCKAY, A. VE LAWSON, D. (2002). Chronic Poverty in Developing and Transition Countries: Concepts and Evidence, (Çevrimiçi), http://www.nottinghamdistancelearning.com/economics/credit/research/papers/CP.02.27.pdf, 27 Nisan 2018
NESTIC, D. AND GIOVANNI, V. (2007). Regional Poverty in Croatia,(Çevrimiçi), www.eizg.hr/AdminLite/FCKeditor/UserFiles/File/EIZ%202006%20Conference%20Proceedings-Nestic-Vecchi.pdf, 11 Nisan2018
OKIDI, J. A. VE MCKAY, A. (2003). Poverty Dynamics in Uganda: 1992-2000. CPRC Working Paper, No: 27, ss. 1-25.
ÖZBEK, O. (2001). Dünya’da ve Türkiye’de Gelir Yoksulluğu ve İnsani Yoksulluğun Analizi ve Çözüm Önerileri. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü,
PAZARLIOĞLU, M., V. VE ÖZLEM K., G. (2007). Telekomünikasyon Yatırımları ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Panel Veri Yaklaşımı, Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, Cilt: 44, Sayı: 508, ss. 35-43.
RIBAS, R. P. VE MACHADO, A. F. (2007). Distinguishing Chronic Poverty from Transient Poverty in Brazil: Developing A Model for Pseudo-Panel Data,(Çevrimiçi),www.undp-povertycentre.org/pub/IPCWorkingPaper36.pdf, 25 Nisan 2018
SOTO, M. (2007). System GMM estimation with a small number of individuals, (Çevrimiçi),https://editorialexpress.com/cgibin/conference/=pej2007&paper_id=70down load. cgi? db_name, 02 Mart 2018.
ŞENGÜL, S. VE TUNCER, İ. (2005). Poverty Levels and Food Demand of the Poor in Turkey. Agribusiness, C:3, No: 21, ss. 289-311.
TÜİK, (2017) Gelir Dağılımı Eşitsizlik Ölçütleri, (Çevrimiçi), http://www.tuik.gov.tr/MicroVeri/GYKA_2011/turkce/metaveri/tanim/gelir-daggiiliimii-essitsizlik-oelccuetleri/index.html, 25 ağustos 2017
TÜİK, (2018), www.tuik.gov.tr/PreIstatistikTablo.do?istab_id=2218, 20.02.2018
TÜİK, (2006) “Gelir Dağılımı Sonuçları 2004”, 27 Şubat 2006 Tarihli Haber Bülteni, Sayı:37
YÜKSELER, Z. VE TÜRKAN, E. (2008). Türkiye’de Hanehalkı: İşgücü, Gelir, Harcama ve Yoksulluk Acısından Analizi. İstanbul: Graphis Matbaa.
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Published
2018-10-26
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ABAY, Çağdaş, & SEZGİN, Şennur. (2018). THE ANALYSIS OF POVERTY AND INCOME DISTRIBUTION IN TURKEY AND SOME EU COUNTRIES. JOURNAL OF LIFE ECONOMICS, 5(4), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.263
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