A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPACT OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP ON THE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOURS AND INTENTION TO LEAVE
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https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.019Keywords:
Toxic Leadership, Counterproductive Work Behaviors, Intention to LeaveAbstract
The importance of employees for organizational sustainability in today's business life, which is described as the information age, is particularly important. The fact that the human element becomes the most valuable of the production factors increases this importance. Having leadership approaches that will affect employees in their efforts for organizational processes, increases individual and corporate performance and satisfaction. In this context, the fact that employee behaviors are determinant on organizational outcomes, leads researchers to conduct studies on behavioral attitudes. Toxic leadership, which has been considered as a popular concept in recent years, is evaluated as an undesirable factor for organizations and employees. The idea that toxic leadership may negatively affect employee behavior and attitudes is the basis of the model proposal in this study. Toxic leadership, a destructive and corrosive leadership type, is expected to accelerate the formation of counter productive work behavior. In addition, it is anticipated that toxic leadership can direct individuals to the intention to leave by reducing employees' willingness to stay in the organization. In this study, toxic leadership, counterproductive work behaviors and intention to leave are conceptually addressed and research questions are created to reveal relationships between these variables.
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References
Abas, C., Omar, F., Halim, F. W., & Hafidz, S. W. M. (2015). The Mediating Role Of Organizational-Based Self-Esteem in Perceived Organizational Support And Counterproductive Work Behaviour Relationship, International Journal of Business and Management, 10(9), 99-109.
Abdullah, A., & Halim, F. W. (2016). The Influence Of Work Ethic And Counterproductive Work Behaviour Of Civil Servants, Journal of Technology Management and Business, 3(1).1-14.
Akbolat, M., Yılmazer, A., & Tutar, H. (2014). Konaklama İşletmeleri Çalışanlarının Algıladıkları Mobbingin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 1-17.
Armitage, A. (2015). The Dark Side: The Poetics Of Toxic Leadership, Advances in Developing Human Resources, 17(3), 376-390.
Ayalew, F., Kols, A., Kim, Y. M., Schuster, A., Emerson, M. R., & Van Roosmalen, J. (2015). Factors Affecting Turnover İntention Among Nurses in Ethiopia, World Health Popul, 16(2), 62-74.
Bahadır, E. (2018). Öğretmenlerin Psikolojik Sermaye Düzeyleri ile Okul Müdürlerinin Toksik Liderlik Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
Bashir, S., Nasir, M., Qayyum, S., & Bashir, A. (2012). Dimensionality Of Counterproductive Work Behaviors in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan, Public Organization Review, 12(4), 357-366.
Başar, U., Sığrı, Ü., & Basım, N. (2016). İş Yerinde Karanlık Liderlik, İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 3(2), 65-76.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of A Measure of Workplace Deviance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
Boddy, C. R. (2014). Corporate Psychopaths, Conflict, Employee Affective Well-Being And Counterproductive Work Behaviour, Journal of Business Ethics, 121(1), 107-121.
Collins, J. M. & Griffin, R. W. (1998). The Psychology Of Counterproductive Job Performance. In R. W. Griffin, A. O’leary-Kelly, & J. M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations: Violent And Deviant Behavior, 219-242. Stamford, Ct: Jaı.
Conger, J., & Kanungo, R. (1998).Charismatic Leadership in Organizations.Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.
Çetinkaya, H. (2017). Okul Yöneticilerinin Toksik (Zehirli) Liderlik Davranışları ile Öğretmenlerin Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Deshong, H. L., Grant, D. M., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2015). Comparing Models of Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors: The Five-Factor Model and The Dark Triad, Personality And Individual Differences, 74, 55-60.
Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive Work Behavior (Cwb) in Response to Job Stressors and Organizational Justice: Some Mediator and Moderator Tests for Autonomy and Emotions, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 291-309.
Gallus, J. A., Walsh, B. M., Van Driel, M., Gouge, M. C., & Antolic, E. (2013). Intolerable Cruelty: A Multilevel Examination of The Impact of Toxic Leadership on Us Military Units and Service Members, Military Psychology, 25(6), 588-601.
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents And Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications For The Next Millennium, Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
Gruys, M. L., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Investigating The Dimensionality of Counterproductive Work Behavior, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(1), 30-42.
Hershcovis, M. S., & Barling, J. (2010). “Towards A Multi‐Foci Approach to Workplace Aggression: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Outcomes from Different Perpetrators”, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 24-44.
Heyde, A. V. D., Miebach, J., & Kluge, A. (2014). Counterproductive Work Behaviour In A Simulated Production Context: An Exploratory Study With Personality Traits As Predictors of Safety-Related Rule Violations, J Ergonomics, 4(130), 2-9.
Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The Influence of Workplace Exclusion And Personality on Counterproductive Work Behaviours: An Interactionist Perspective, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 477-502.
Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. (2001). Assessing Leadership: A View From The Dark Side, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 40−51.
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. (2005). What We Know About Leadership, Review of General Psychology, 9, 169−180.
Instone, K. (2012). Counterproductive Work Behavior, White Paper. Diunduh Tanggal, 8.1-13.
İnce, M. (2018). Türkiye'de Yerel Yönetimlerde Dönüştürücü Liderlik Algısı Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Kars Belediyesi Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ardahan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
İzgüden, D., Eroymak, S., & Erdem, R. (2016). Sağlık Kurumlarında Görülen Toksik Liderlik Davranışları: Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Örneği, Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 262-276.
Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging Theoretical And Methodological Issues in the Study of Work-Related Stress, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 9(31), L-365.
Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters. Harvard Business Press.
Kelloway, E. K., Francis, L., Prosser, M., & Cameron, J. E. (2010). Counterproductive Work Behavior As Protest, Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 18-25.
Kim, J. S., & Ahn, K. Y. (2012). The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Intention to Leave and The Moderating Effect of Gender and Occupation in Dae-Deok Venture Enterprises, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 7(4), 77-86.
Kozako, I. N. A. M. F., Safin, S. Z., & Rahim, A. R. A. (2013). The Relationship of Big Five Personality Traits on Counterproductive Work Behaviour Among Hotel Employees: An Exploratory Study, Procedia Economics And Finance, 7, 181-187.
Lambert, E. G., Lynne Hogan, N., & Barton, S. M. (2001). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers, The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 233-250.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). Toxic Leadership: When Grand Illusions Masquerade As Noble Visions, Leader To Leader, (36), 29-36.
Mohsin, A., Lengler, J., & Kumar, B. (2013). Exploring The Antecedents Of Intentions to Leave The Job: The Case Of Luxury Hotel Staff, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 48-58.
Öktem, Ş., Kızıltan, B., & Öztoprak, M. (2016). Örgütsel Güven ile Örgüt İkliminin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme, İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkileri: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama, Journal of Business Research Turk, 8(4), 162-186.
Özer, Ö., Ugurluoglu, Ö., Kahraman, G., & Avci, K. (2017). A Study On Toxic Leadership Perceptions of Healthcare Workers, Global Business And Management Research, 9(1), 12-23.
Pelletier, K. L. (2012). Perceptions of and Reactions to Leader Toxicity: Do Leader–Follower Relationships and identification with Victim Matter?, The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 412-424.
Penney, L. M., Hunter, E. M., & Perry, S. J. (2011). Personality and Counterproductive Work Behaviour: Using Conservation of Resources Theory to Narrow the Profile of Deviant Employees, Journal of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 58-77.
Pradhan, S., & Jena, L. K. (2016). The Moderating Role Of Neutralizers on The Relationship Between Abusive Supervision and Intention to Quit: A Proposed Model, Journal of Human Values, 22(3), 238-248.
Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study, Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572.
Rosenthal, S. A., & Pittinskya, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic Leadership, Leadership Quarterly,17, 617−633.
S. Gaertner. (1999). Structural Determinants of Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment in Turnover Models, Human Resource Management Review, 9(4), 479-493.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). A Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive Workplace Be‐ Havior: Investigations Of Actors And Targets (Pp. 151–174). Washington, Dc: Apa.
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of Four Self-Report Measures of Job Stressors and Strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 356–367.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The Dimensionality of Counterproductivity: Are All Counterproductive Behaviors Created Equal?, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 446-460.
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, And Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta‐Analytic Findings, Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
Uslu, S., & Aktaş, H. (2017). İşten Ayrılma Niyeti ile Örgütsel Sessizlik Etkileşiminde İş Güvencesi Memnuniyeti ve İş Güvencesi Endeksinin Aracı Rolü: Özel Bir Hastane Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 141-160.
Whicker, M. L. (1996). Toxic Leaders: When Organizations Go Bad. Praeger Publishers.
Yalçınsoy, A., & Işık, M. (2018). Toksik Liderlik İle Örgütsel Bağlılık Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisine Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 1016-1025.
Yenihan, B., Öner.M., & Çiftyıldız, K. (2014). İş Stresi ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Otomotiv İşletmesinde Bir Araştırma, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 5(1), 38-49.
Abdullah, A., & Halim, F. W. (2016). The Influence Of Work Ethic And Counterproductive Work Behaviour Of Civil Servants, Journal of Technology Management and Business, 3(1).1-14.
Akbolat, M., Yılmazer, A., & Tutar, H. (2014). Konaklama İşletmeleri Çalışanlarının Algıladıkları Mobbingin İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyetine Etkisi, Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(3), 1-17.
Armitage, A. (2015). The Dark Side: The Poetics Of Toxic Leadership, Advances in Developing Human Resources, 17(3), 376-390.
Ayalew, F., Kols, A., Kim, Y. M., Schuster, A., Emerson, M. R., & Van Roosmalen, J. (2015). Factors Affecting Turnover İntention Among Nurses in Ethiopia, World Health Popul, 16(2), 62-74.
Bahadır, E. (2018). Öğretmenlerin Psikolojik Sermaye Düzeyleri ile Okul Müdürlerinin Toksik Liderlik Davranışları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
Bashir, S., Nasir, M., Qayyum, S., & Bashir, A. (2012). Dimensionality Of Counterproductive Work Behaviors in Public Sector Organizations of Pakistan, Public Organization Review, 12(4), 357-366.
Başar, U., Sığrı, Ü., & Basım, N. (2016). İş Yerinde Karanlık Liderlik, İş ve İnsan Dergisi, 3(2), 65-76.
Bennett, R. J., & Robinson, S. L. (2000). Development of A Measure of Workplace Deviance, Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349-360.
Boddy, C. R. (2014). Corporate Psychopaths, Conflict, Employee Affective Well-Being And Counterproductive Work Behaviour, Journal of Business Ethics, 121(1), 107-121.
Collins, J. M. & Griffin, R. W. (1998). The Psychology Of Counterproductive Job Performance. In R. W. Griffin, A. O’leary-Kelly, & J. M. Collins (Eds.), Dysfunctional Behavior in Organizations: Violent And Deviant Behavior, 219-242. Stamford, Ct: Jaı.
Conger, J., & Kanungo, R. (1998).Charismatic Leadership in Organizations.Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage.
Çetinkaya, H. (2017). Okul Yöneticilerinin Toksik (Zehirli) Liderlik Davranışları ile Öğretmenlerin Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişki Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Deshong, H. L., Grant, D. M., & Mullins-Sweatt, S. N. (2015). Comparing Models of Counterproductive Workplace Behaviors: The Five-Factor Model and The Dark Triad, Personality And Individual Differences, 74, 55-60.
Fox, S., Spector, P. E., & Miles, D. (2001). Counterproductive Work Behavior (Cwb) in Response to Job Stressors and Organizational Justice: Some Mediator and Moderator Tests for Autonomy and Emotions, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 59(3), 291-309.
Gallus, J. A., Walsh, B. M., Van Driel, M., Gouge, M. C., & Antolic, E. (2013). Intolerable Cruelty: A Multilevel Examination of The Impact of Toxic Leadership on Us Military Units and Service Members, Military Psychology, 25(6), 588-601.
Griffeth, R. W., Hom, P. W., & Gaertner, S. (2000). A Meta-Analysis of Antecedents And Correlates of Employee Turnover: Update, Moderator Tests, and Research Implications For The Next Millennium, Journal of Management, 26(3), 463-488.
Gruys, M. L., & Sackett, P. R. (2003). Investigating The Dimensionality of Counterproductive Work Behavior, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(1), 30-42.
Hershcovis, M. S., & Barling, J. (2010). “Towards A Multi‐Foci Approach to Workplace Aggression: A Meta‐Analytic Review of Outcomes from Different Perpetrators”, Journal Of Organizational Behavior, 31(1), 24-44.
Heyde, A. V. D., Miebach, J., & Kluge, A. (2014). Counterproductive Work Behaviour In A Simulated Production Context: An Exploratory Study With Personality Traits As Predictors of Safety-Related Rule Violations, J Ergonomics, 4(130), 2-9.
Hitlan, R. T., & Noel, J. (2009). The Influence of Workplace Exclusion And Personality on Counterproductive Work Behaviours: An Interactionist Perspective, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 18(4), 477-502.
Hogan, R., & Hogan, J. (2001). Assessing Leadership: A View From The Dark Side, International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 40−51.
Hogan, R., & Kaiser, R. (2005). What We Know About Leadership, Review of General Psychology, 9, 169−180.
Instone, K. (2012). Counterproductive Work Behavior, White Paper. Diunduh Tanggal, 8.1-13.
İnce, M. (2018). Türkiye'de Yerel Yönetimlerde Dönüştürücü Liderlik Algısı Üzerine Bir Uygulama: Kars Belediyesi Örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Ardahan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
İzgüden, D., Eroymak, S., & Erdem, R. (2016). Sağlık Kurumlarında Görülen Toksik Liderlik Davranışları: Bir Üniversite Hastanesi Örneği, Balkan Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 262-276.
Jex, S. M., & Beehr, T. A. (1991). Emerging Theoretical And Methodological Issues in the Study of Work-Related Stress, Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 9(31), L-365.
Kellerman, B. (2004). Bad Leadership: What It Is, How It Happens, Why It Matters. Harvard Business Press.
Kelloway, E. K., Francis, L., Prosser, M., & Cameron, J. E. (2010). Counterproductive Work Behavior As Protest, Human Resource Management Review, 20(1), 18-25.
Kim, J. S., & Ahn, K. Y. (2012). The Relationship Between Organizational Commitment and Intention to Leave and The Moderating Effect of Gender and Occupation in Dae-Deok Venture Enterprises, Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 7(4), 77-86.
Kozako, I. N. A. M. F., Safin, S. Z., & Rahim, A. R. A. (2013). The Relationship of Big Five Personality Traits on Counterproductive Work Behaviour Among Hotel Employees: An Exploratory Study, Procedia Economics And Finance, 7, 181-187.
Lambert, E. G., Lynne Hogan, N., & Barton, S. M. (2001). The impact of job satisfaction on turnover intent: a test of a structural measurement model using a national sample of workers, The Social Science Journal, 38(2), 233-250.
Lipman-Blumen, J. (2005). Toxic Leadership: When Grand Illusions Masquerade As Noble Visions, Leader To Leader, (36), 29-36.
Mohsin, A., Lengler, J., & Kumar, B. (2013). Exploring The Antecedents Of Intentions to Leave The Job: The Case Of Luxury Hotel Staff, International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35, 48-58.
Öktem, Ş., Kızıltan, B., & Öztoprak, M. (2016). Örgütsel Güven ile Örgüt İkliminin Örgütsel Özdeşleşme, İş Tatmini ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerine Etkileri: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Uygulama, Journal of Business Research Turk, 8(4), 162-186.
Özer, Ö., Ugurluoglu, Ö., Kahraman, G., & Avci, K. (2017). A Study On Toxic Leadership Perceptions of Healthcare Workers, Global Business And Management Research, 9(1), 12-23.
Pelletier, K. L. (2012). Perceptions of and Reactions to Leader Toxicity: Do Leader–Follower Relationships and identification with Victim Matter?, The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 412-424.
Penney, L. M., Hunter, E. M., & Perry, S. J. (2011). Personality and Counterproductive Work Behaviour: Using Conservation of Resources Theory to Narrow the Profile of Deviant Employees, Journal of Occupational And Organizational Psychology, 84(1), 58-77.
Pradhan, S., & Jena, L. K. (2016). The Moderating Role Of Neutralizers on The Relationship Between Abusive Supervision and Intention to Quit: A Proposed Model, Journal of Human Values, 22(3), 238-248.
Robinson, S. L., & Bennett, R. J. (1995). A Typology of Deviant Workplace Behaviors: A Multidimensional Scaling Study, Academy of Management Journal, 38(2), 555-572.
Rosenthal, S. A., & Pittinskya, T. L. (2006). Narcissistic Leadership, Leadership Quarterly,17, 617−633.
S. Gaertner. (1999). Structural Determinants of Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment in Turnover Models, Human Resource Management Review, 9(4), 479-493.
Spector, P. E., & Fox, S. (2005). A Model of Counterproductive Work Behavior. In S. Fox & P. E. Spector (Eds.), Counterproductive Workplace Be‐ Havior: Investigations Of Actors And Targets (Pp. 151–174). Washington, Dc: Apa.
Spector, P. E., & Jex, S. M. (1998). Development of Four Self-Report Measures of Job Stressors and Strain: Interpersonal Conflict at Work Scale, Organizational Constraints Scale, Quantitative Workload Inventory, and Physical Symptoms Inventory, Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 3, 356–367.
Spector, P. E., Fox, S., Penney, L. M., Bruursema, K., Goh, A., & Kessler, S. (2006). The Dimensionality of Counterproductivity: Are All Counterproductive Behaviors Created Equal?, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 68(3), 446-460.
Tett, R. P., & Meyer, J. P. (1993). Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention, And Turnover: Path Analyses Based on Meta‐Analytic Findings, Personnel Psychology, 46(2), 259-293.
Uslu, S., & Aktaş, H. (2017). İşten Ayrılma Niyeti ile Örgütsel Sessizlik Etkileşiminde İş Güvencesi Memnuniyeti ve İş Güvencesi Endeksinin Aracı Rolü: Özel Bir Hastane Çalışanları Üzerinde Bir Araştırma, Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 141-160.
Whicker, M. L. (1996). Toxic Leaders: When Organizations Go Bad. Praeger Publishers.
Yalçınsoy, A., & Işık, M. (2018). Toksik Liderlik İle Örgütsel Bağlılık Ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti İlişkisine Yönelik Bir Araştırma, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 1016-1025.
Yenihan, B., Öner.M., & Çiftyıldız, K. (2014). İş Stresi ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki: Otomotiv İşletmesinde Bir Araştırma, Çalışma İlişkileri Dergisi, 5(1), 38-49.
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2020-07-31
How to Cite
AKCA, İhsan, & TUZCUOĞLU, F. (2020). A MODEL PROPOSAL FOR THE IMPACT OF TOXIC LEADERSHIP ON THE COUNTERPRODUCTIVE WORK BEHAVIOURS AND INTENTION TO LEAVE. JOURNAL OF LIFE ECONOMICS, 7(3), 257–268. https://doi.org/10.15637/jlecon.7.019
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