The Qadiriyya Sufi Order: Foundation, doctrinal framework, and territorial expansion through colonial sources (A case study of Jules Cambon, 1897)

Mohamed Eddame; Soufiane Saghieri

doi:10.26809/joa.3193

Authors

Mohamed Eddame University of Shahid Sheikh Larbi Tebessi / Algeria 0009-0004-0162-5683
Soufiane Saghieri University of El-Oued / Algeria 0000-0002-2081-5368

10.26809/joa.3193

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the Qadiriyya Sufi order, focusing on its foundational origins, doctrinal structure, and geographical expansion. It aims to analyze how the order was represented and interpreted within colonial discourse, particularly through the 1897 report commissioned by Jules Cambon, and to understand what these representations reveal about the socio-religious roles attributed to the Qadiriyya in North Africa. Method: The research employs a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, combining historical analysis, critical discourse analysis, and comparative evaluation. The primary sources consist of colonial documents, especially Les confréries religieuses musulmanes (1897), supported by secondary academic literature on Sufism and regional history. Findings: The findings demonstrate that the Qadiriyya functioned as a multidimensional institution, playing roles not only in spiritual guidance but also in education, social organization, and local governance. Colonial sources present the order through a dual perspective, reflecting both strategic appreciation of its influence and suspicion toward its potential for social and political mobilization. Despite their biases, these sources highlight the deep integration of the Qadiriyya within the socio-political and religious fabric of Muslim societies. Conclusion/Contribution: The study concludes that colonial texts, when critically examined, offer valuable insights into the structure and functions of Sufi orders. It contributes to the field by providing a nuanced interpretation of the Qadiriyya that bridges colonial representations with socio-historical realities, thereby enriching the understanding of Sufism as both a spiritual and socio-political phenomenon.

Keywords:

Qadiriyya Sufism French Colonialism Jules Cambon Algeria Maghreb Islamic Thought Religious Orders

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The Qadiriyya Sufi Order: Foundation, doctrinal framework, and territorial expansion through colonial sources (A case study of Jules Cambon, 1897)

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