Women’s shelters as the final step against violence: Cases from Turkey and the world

Abstract

Purpose: The primary aim of this study is to analyze the structure, operation, and services of women’s shelters in Turkey by comparing them with models implemented in various countries. Additionally, the research evaluates the role of these institutions in promoting gender equality and combating violence against women, as well as the organizational structure and needs of shelter personnel. Materials and Methods: This study is based on a qualitative research design, incorporating literature review, analysis of national legislation, and comparative evaluation of international shelter models. The shelter systems in Turkey and other selected countries are examined through a comparative framework highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. Findings: Although women’s shelters in Turkey are supported by a legal framework, they face several structural challenges, including insufficient capacity, limited rural accessibility, and a shortage of qualified staff. Compared to European countries (Scandinavian countries, Germany, the United Kingdom), North America (the United States and Canada), and selected Asian and African countries, Turkey’s model diversity remains limited. Nevertheless, the expansion of cooperation between governmental bodies and NGOs, along with the increasing prevalence of Violence Prevention and Monitoring Centers (ŞÖNİM), are considered positive developments. Conclusion: Women’s shelters play a vital role in protecting survivors of violence and advancing gender equality. To enhance the effectiveness of shelters in Turkey, it is recommended to diversify shelter models, strengthen personnel capacity, develop child-specific support programs, and expand inclusive services particularly for vulnerable groups.