Cyber extremism as a contemporary social phenomenon: A sociological approach to the mechanisms of formation and strategies of confrontation

Abstract

Purpose: This study examines cyber extremism as a contemporary digital social phenomenon, aiming to identify its underlying sociological mechanisms and evaluate effective strategies for confronting its spread within electronic spaces. It addresses the research problem of how cyber extremism emerges and persists beyond purely technological or security-based explanations. Method: The study employs a descriptive-analytical approach, relying on an extensive review and analysis of sociological literature and prior empirical studies. It explores the social dimensions of cyber extremism, including digital socialization processes, structural inequalities, and identity formation within online environments. Findings: The findings reveal that cyber extremism is deeply rooted in broader social, economic, and cultural conditions, rather than being solely a product of digital technologies. The results indicate that preventive digital security, sustainable development policies, and the reinforcement of human rights frameworks are essential in addressing both the manifestations and root causes of extremist discourse. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of digital social awareness and the role of societal institutions in mitigating online radicalization. Conclusion/Contribution: The study contributes to the field by proposing a comprehensive, multi-dimensional framework for confronting cyber extremism that integrates security, developmental, rights-based, and humanitarian approaches. It emphasizes that sustainable solutions require addressing structural imbalances and strengthening social cohesion, thereby offering a holistic sociological perspective that extends beyond conventional security paradigms.