JOURNAL OF ARTS

A glimps on Barlach’s sculpture in light of his woodcuts

2023-09-11T15:57:21+03:00

The First World War created a dark atmosphere with the turmoil that started before and the depression that followed; However, in this darkness, a magnificent art movement, expressionism has blossomed. Expressionism has survived beyond the borders of Germany, without losing its power.

It was just before the emergence of expressionism that the woodblock printing was re-invented and attracted the attention of artists .Among the modern German artists who are wide known for the woodprints is Ernst Barlach (1880-1938). The prints carved by this master of wooden sculpture, are as interesting as his sculptures.

Barlach is known for his theater and literary writings as well as his production in the plastic arts. His playwright experience has caused the integrity in Barlach’s works. His prints and sculptures are deeply connected to each other, the printed images illustrate the stories of his sculptural figures whereas the sculptures animate the drawn image. This relationship continues in his playwrites and other literary works.

Gothic Art, inspired Barlach, and this created a unique art language by meeting his notebooks full of impressions of his travels to Russia. The consistency in his subjects and in his unique stylistic language, construct the integrity of his works.

Die Wandlungen Gottes (Transformations of God) is an album of seven woodblock prints. The albüm contains no texts, the meaning of the portfolio lies in the titles and their order. With figures that match his sculptures, this portfolio makes it easier to understand the intellectual and formal infrastructure that makes up Barlach’s art.

A reading on imitation in contemporary architecture in the duality of copy and mimesis

2023-08-20T16:30:41+03:00

In the study, a reading is carried out on the act of imitation in contemporary architecture, based on the etymological and philosophical expansions of the concepts of poiesis and mimesis. In this reading, it is aimed to create an awareness about the distinction and choice between copying and mimesis, both of which mean imitation. It is emphasized that although mimesis is an imitation, it is not a copy. With the mass production created by the industrial age, which started with the Industrial Revolution, copy products began to appear. This way of production has been effective in many fields as well as in the field of architecture. Especially after the Second World War, the idea of rapidly rebuilding the ruined cities in Europe laid the foundations of a new architectural movement. Although modern architecture has the meaning of “belonging to the present” in its emergence mission, it has become the protagonist of the unqualified built environment in the cities today. The study focuses on the idea that the reason why contemporary architecture is at such a point is that the distinction between mimesis and copy cannot be made well and the formal/object is imitated instead of essence/meaning/method. Moreover, it is thought that a new awareness can be created in the field of architecture with the correct use of mimesis and its technique, and the design of original architectural products instead of copy products has a healing importance for the individual, society, and country. The fact that the effect of the built environment on human psychology and behavior is so important makes it even more meaningful to read mimesis and copy, even if they are imitations. Mimesis is a successful design technique for both architectural education and architectural action. In this context, this text, based on the concepts of copy and mimesis, offers a critical reading for architectural education, architectural action, and architectural product design approach.

Paradigm shift in the music industry: Adaptation of blockchain technology and its transformative effects

2023-09-11T23:35:21+03:00

The music industry is undergoing a profound transformation thanks to blockchain technology. This article extensively examines how the core components of music – production, distribution, performance, and presentation – are undergoing radical changes through the integration of blockchain technology. The traditional music industry faces significant challenges, particularly in vital areas like copyright management, music distribution, and artist compensation. These challenges have become even more complex with the digitization of music and the rise of online platforms. However, blockchain technology, with its decentralized and transparent structure, has the potential to overcome these obstacles. This technology takes important steps in addressing disputes related to copyright by enhancing the traceability and verifiability of music works throughout their lifecycle, thereby contributing to fairer compensation for artists. Moreover, this article also delves into other intersecting domains related to the music industry, focusing on safeguarding intellectual property in music and presenting innovative solutions to the intricate music economy. Relevant data gathered through qualitative research methods is systematically presented to comprehensively explore the potential role of blockchain technology in the music industry’s future. This exploratory analysis also investigates blockchain-supported platforms, providing an in-depth examination of their current development status and business models. The article places special emphasis on fundamental concepts such as copyright, ownership of artistic works, cultural heritage, and the role of blockchain technology in shaping the music industry, artists, and the ongoing digital transformation. In this rapidly evolving dynamic process, the transformative role of blockchain technology in the music industry and its potential must be continuously monitored, serving as a foundation for future-oriented initiatives. This comprehensive approach reflects the concerted effort to understand the effects of blockchain technology, which is shaping the trajectory of the music industry’s future, from a broader perspective.

The journey of Andromache as a female hero and her description in painting

2023-09-29T23:20:24+03:00

Myths, tales and legends are sources that can shed light on historical facts, contain social, cultural, symbolic, psychological and many other meanings and transmit this information from generation to generation. In these narratives, the hero is the person at the center of the action, who takes action and goes on adventures.

In line with the established values of the patriarchal social structure throughout the ages; these heroes, who went on adventures and survived various difficulties and achieved victory, have always remained in our minds as masculine figures. However, mythology also includes the heroic struggle and journey of many female characters, the details of which are unknown. In these myths, it is possible to see the view of the male world, based on the patriarchal social structure, towards women and the ideal it has built on women's lives.

In this context, Andromache, whose name and story are mentioned in the works of many poets from Homer to Euripides, from Vergilius to Racine, would be a suitable example. Her story begins in the city of Thebes, where she was the princess, and went to Troy as a bride. Achilles' murder of her family, Hector's death, the fall of Troy and the murder of their son Astyanax are only a part of her ordeal. Her journey continues as a slave to the son of the man who killed her husband. Andromache appears once again in Vergilius' Aeneas epic. When Neoptolemos was killed, she married Helenos, another Trojan prince, and became the queen of Epirus under her husband's rule. Despite all these harsh winds that determine the direction of her life, Andromache is depicted as an astute, honorable, virtuous, brave and conscious woman in all these works and is glorified as a heroine. When we look at how gender roles are shaped in our age in the light of examples from the past, it can be thought that the roles assigned to Andromache correspond to the ideal woman determined according to the masculine perspective.

The depiction of the character Andromache in the literary works of the great poets seems to be shaped by the thoughts of the author as well as revealing the perspective of the age they lived in. On the other hand, the story of Andromache, as a female hero who deeply affected the history of art and found a place in epics; it is shown from the perspective of the masculine world, with depictions almost all of which are painted by male artists.

In this study, Andromache is proposed as a heroic figure and her story, overshadowed by the fame of male heroes, is investigated. Among the examples in painting, the paintings in which Andromache is included were scanned and the way the subject was handled in the works found was examined.

An evaluation on the art of engraving and its contribution to art education

2023-09-22T11:54:53+03:00

Art is a means of communication between societies from past to present, which has existed for ages and will exist in the future. Artists produce art in the light of the conditions and needs they experience in order to express their feelings and thoughts. Therefore, their views and pursuits towards art, beauty and aesthetics have also differed from each other within their life cycles. Due to their individual talents and interests, artists have chosen different techniques and materials in their production processes. As an effective means of artistic expression that includes different applications and techniques, engraving, the art of engraved painting (intaglio, relief printing), and the contributions of engraving to art education have been determined as the research subject of this article. When evaluated with all its differences, engraving is an independent visual plastic art although it stands close to painting and graphic arts. Engraving has taken place in the life and art adventure of many master artists known in the history of art. An Egyptian seal dating back to 1550 BC is an indication of how the art of engraving (relief printing) has existed in human history as a necessity that emerged in the life cycle of society.

The art of engraving, which has an important place and value in art education as well as in the history of art, contributes greatly to the students’ self-improvement with the practitioners of this art, their applications, their original print works (intaglio, relief printing) and engraving lessons. In art education, engraving lessons support the formation of the foundations of the art of painting in students by enabling experiments with different applications as well as analysis and composition on elements such as point, line, stain, light-dark, light-shadow, color, space, perspective.

A well established and long standing ecole in scenography education at the academy of fine arts; “Atelier of Theatre Decoration and Costume”

2023-10-03T22:51:10+03:00

Sanayi-i Nefise Mekteb-i, which began its educational journey in 1882 and was the first educational institution in the field of fine arts in Turkey, would later be named Fine Arts Academy in the Republican Era. The Academy would achieve scientific autonomy as Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts in 1969 in accordance with the law no. 1172 and in 1982, it would be affiliated with the Council of Higher Education and become Mimar Sinan University, and as of 2004, it would be one of the most established schools in Turkey under the name Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University. A significant part of the curricula in the early years features master-apprentice relationship based on the connections established with the École des Beaux-Arts, a well-established art school in Europe, and the impressions and productions of the teachers who studied there. Knowledge of design forms the basis of the academy for the reason that the three basic fields of art in the formation of the school are painting, sculpture and architecture. The Atelier of Theatre Decoration and Costume, which is a first within the academic structure, was founded in 1962 by Prof. Erdoğan Aksel and Prof. Sadi Öziş. In this article, the origin of stage and costume design education within the history of the Academy, the relationship of the pioneers of the stage design profession in Turkey with the academy, and the artistic developments that affected stage design in these years will be examined. Additionally, the opinions of the first generation graduates who received education in this field and became pioneers of their profession will be included. The purpose of the study in the light of these data is to create a research field on why academic education in the stage design profession is necessary to become a stage designer.

Concentration in the distribution and exhibition networks within Turkish film industry: The case of CGV Mars Entertainment Group

2023-09-11T23:45:38+03:00

This article first presents an overview of Turkish cinema in terms of its production, distribution, and exhibition networks, and then evaluates the overall situation in the 2000s. The concentration in distribution and exhibition networks in particular is analyzed through the case of CGV Mars Entertainment Group, and the following “popcorn crisis” and the industry in its aftermath are addressed. Thus, it aims to provide an opportunity to emphasize the significance of the regulations and cultural policies in the field.

The tensions within the film industry sparked a controversy along with Cem Yılmaz’s statement on Twitter, a social networking service, in December 2018. The controversy, publicly known as the “popcorn crisis”, was based on the claim that theater owners were making unlawful profits through discounts on ticket prices by selling popcorn and beverages. In 2019, Law No. 5224 on the Evaluation, Classification, and Promotion of Motion Pictures was amended to provide solutions to the problems in the sector. However, the amendments to the law did not provide radical solutions to the existing problems and may even lead to a setback in the promotion of independent films, raising concerns that certain control and censorship mechanisms would now function.

The Covid-19 Pandemic has had devastating effects on the film industry, as in many other areas within everyday life, whereas digitalization and the transformation of viewing practices have gained momentum. There is a strong need for radical solutions in order to prevent horizontal and vertical integration and for films outside the mainstream film industry, which indeed bring international recognition to Turkish cinema, to be promoted without the implicit control mechanisms.

Digital Fashion: The transformation and cultural revolution in the interaction of identity, body and attire in the age of Industry 4.0

2023-09-11T15:50:26+03:00

In the epoch initiated by Industry 4.0, a significant paradigm shift has been witnessed. The foundational dynamics of our socio-cultural existence are undergoing profound transformations within the ecosystem of this emerging paradigm. Fashion is recognized as a socio cultural phenomenon, materialized through the intricate interactions among identity, body, and attire. The technological metamorphosis instigated by the Digital Revolution in the fashion industry has birthed a novel concept termed “Digital Fashion,” which has catalyzed a cultural revolution in its respective domain. Within the ecosystem delineated by the new paradigm heralded by Industry 4.0, Digital Fashion, molded by societal behavioral reflexes, engenders a nascent culture, epitomizing a domain that warrants rigorous academic discourse. This investigation delves into the transformation of the aforementioned phenomenon, scrutinizing it through the lenses of “perception of reality,” “value judgment,” “identity,” “body,” and “attire craftsmanship.” Specifically, under the new spatio-temporal realities facilitated by the burgeoning Extended Reality (XR) technologies, the study addresses the evolution of interactions among identity, body, and attire. Digital Fashion is not merely confined to advancements in conventional clothing design and manufacturing techniques or the enhancement of shopping experiences; it concurrently represents a redefined comprehension of identity, body, and attire.

The contribution of new generatıon drawing technologies to the field of design: Example of Procreate

2023-09-22T09:56:46+03:00

Design and drawing programs are software used to design, create, and edit graphics and drawings quickly and efficiently using computer or mobile drawing tools. These software allow users to digitally perform drawing, designing, and editing.. The superiority of drawing tools, tablets, and applications over traditional methods is related to their ability to provide practical solutions in surface design development processes, provide a speed advantage in workflow, and facilitate editing stages. Drawing tablets and programs have become significant tools that emerged with digitization. These processes expand the scope of use and nurture the creativity of designers.

Additionally, easy adaptation of these technologies to production processes provides users with advantages. Procreate, an active drawing program on an online working platform, is a popular drawing program that has gained popularity with industrial trends. It is an application that can be used on iOS-based devices and works specifically with iPad, utilizing a pressure-sensitive stylus like the Apple Pencil. This provides users with a natural drawing experience and a feeling similar to traditional drawing tools. The content of the work discusses the contribution of Procreate, specifically, to the design field with new generation drawing technologies, drawing methods, and user convenience.

Conservation and restoration techniques applied to historical ceramic artifacts

2023-10-10T22:55:30+03:00

Archaeological ceramic finds unearthed during excavations are mostly unearthed scattered in pieces as well as those that have preserved the integrity of the form. Various protection and repair methods are applied to improve the current situation of ceramic artifacts and to transfer them to future generations, that have undergone various deformations not only during the use process and excavation, but also as a result of adverse conditions in the exhibition areas or warehouses of museums. In this study, the application steps to be followed in the protection and repair works on various ceramic object samples, as well as the materials, techniques and appropriate packaging processes used in these applications were investigated. Within the scope of this study, only the methods applied to the objects examined are discussed, and it should be kept in mind that different materials and techniques can be used in different objects. The same degree of deterioration and destruction cannot occur in every object, and it is inevitable that the techniques and materials applied will vary accordingly.

Digital graphic wars: A study of reddit r/Place event in the context of visual design and communication

2023-10-17T20:41:07+03:00

The phenomenon of internet technology directing societies and individuals towards interaction has been intensively studied and debated over the last thirty years. Social media, at the forefront of messaging and content sharing, virtual meeting environments which have gained popularity in recent years, and online digital games, whose spread has increased exponentially with smart devices, are currently held as the key focal points of this phenomenon. However, digital online platforms have the potential to reveal diverse interaction experiments beyond established topics. In this context, the r/Place event, instigated by Reddit, is a current interactive internet phenomenon possessing originality and features that demand scrutiny from researchers across fields of expertise concerned with online content production. This descriptive study examines the digital and technical design system utilized during the three sessions of the r/Place event up to the time of writing. It analyses the interactive process of graphic production, the various graphic works created by groups and parties, their themes, and notable designs and symbols. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed regarding the potential impact of future comparable events. The study analyzed activity application visuals utilizing the purposeful sampling method and descriptive content analysis method to explore visual design and communication.